Legal Framework Index
This page maps each documented incident to the specific international law provisions it may violate. Designed for researchers and attorneys preparing materials for international tribunals.
Classification Summary
2 Confirmed war crimes
13 Probable violations
10 Potential violations
10 Enabling actions
14 ICC-relevant incidents
6,336 Documented civilian casualties
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 7 | Crimes against humanity — murder as part of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population | extreme Operation Southern Spear: Lethal Drone Strikes on Caribbean and Pacific Drug Boats (probable) |
| Article 7(1)(e) | Crimes against humanity — imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable) |
| Article 7(1)(f) | Crimes against humanity — torture | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable) |
| Article 7(1)(i) | Crimes against humanity — enforced disappearance of persons | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable) |
| Article 7(1)(i) | Crimes against humanity — enforced disappearance of persons when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against any civilian population | extreme Forced Disappearances of Salvadoran Deportees in El Salvador's Prison System (probable) |
| Article 8 | War crimes — intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population | severe Repeated US Vetoes of UN Security Council Gaza Ceasefire Resolutions (enabling) |
| Article 8 | War crimes — intentionally directing attacks against civilian objects and against the civilian population | extreme US Airstrike Kills 68 African Migrants in Yemen Detention Center (probable) |
| Article 8(2)(a)(i) | Wilful killing of persons protected under the Geneva Conventions | extreme Sinking of IRIS Dena: USS Charlotte Torpedoes Iranian Frigate Off Sri Lanka (probable) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(iv) | Intentionally launching an attack in the knowledge that it will cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians which would be clearly excessive in relation to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated | extreme Minab School Strike: US Tomahawk Cruise Missile Kills 175-180 Schoolgirls (probable) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(ix) | Intentionally directing attacks against buildings dedicated to education, provided they are not military objectives | extreme Minab School Strike: US Tomahawk Cruise Missile Kills 175-180 Schoolgirls (probable) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(xii) | Declaring that no quarter will be given | extreme Defense Secretary Hegseth Declares 'No Quarter, No Mercy' for Iran (confirmed) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(xx) | War crime: employing weapons, projectiles, material and methods of warfare which cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering | extreme US-Supplied White Phosphorus Used Over Lebanese Civilian Areas (probable) |
| Article 8bis | Crime of aggression — the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State | extreme Operation Absolute Resolve: Unilateral US Military Intervention in Venezuela (probable) |
Hague Convention IV
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 23(d) | It is especially forbidden to declare that no quarter will be given | extreme Defense Secretary Hegseth Declares 'No Quarter, No Mercy' for Iran (confirmed) |
Lieber Code (General Order No. 100, 1863)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 61 | Troops that give no quarter have no right to kill enemies already disabled on the ground | extreme Defense Secretary Hegseth Declares 'No Quarter, No Mercy' for Iran (confirmed) |
Geneva Conventions
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Protection of persons hors de combat; obligation to accept surrender | extreme Defense Secretary Hegseth Declares 'No Quarter, No Mercy' for Iran (confirmed) |
| — | Prohibition on killing shipwrecked persons who have ceased to be combatants or who refrain from hostile acts | extreme Operation Southern Spear: Lethal Drone Strikes on Caribbean and Pacific Drug Boats (probable) |
| Additional Protocol I, Article 35 | Prohibition on methods or means of warfare which cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering | extreme US-Supplied White Phosphorus Used Over Lebanese Civilian Areas (probable) |
| Additional Protocol I, Article 51 | Prohibition on indiscriminate attacks that are not directed at a specific military objective | extreme US-Supplied White Phosphorus Used Over Lebanese Civilian Areas (probable) |
| Additional Protocol I, Article 54 | Prohibition on attacking, destroying, or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population | severe Intensified Cuba Sanctions Regime: Blackouts, Hospital Shutdowns, and Collective Punishment (potential) |
| Common Article 1 | High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present Convention in all circumstances | severe Repeated US Vetoes of UN Security Council Gaza Ceasefire Resolutions (enabling) |
| Common Article 1 | Obligation to ensure respect for the conventions in all circumstances | extreme US Arms Transfers to Israel During ICJ Genocide Proceedings (probable) |
| Common Article 3 | Prohibition on violence to life and person, including murder, of persons taking no active part in hostilities | extreme US Airstrike Kills 68 African Migrants in Yemen Detention Center (probable) |
| Common Article 3 | Prohibition on violence to life and person of those taking no active part in hostilities | severe Massive Escalation of US Airstrikes in Somalia with Zero Civilian Accountability (potential) |
Customary International Humanitarian Law
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | ICRC Rule 46: Ordering that no quarter be given is prohibited | extreme Defense Secretary Hegseth Declares 'No Quarter, No Mercy' for Iran (confirmed) |
| — | ICRC Rule 109: Search for, collect and evacuate the wounded, sick and shipwrecked | extreme Sinking of IRIS Dena: USS Charlotte Torpedoes Iranian Frigate Off Sri Lanka (probable) |
| — | Principles of distinction and proportionality -- obligation to distinguish between combatants and civilians and to ensure attacks are proportionate | severe Dismantlement of Pentagon Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Program (enabling) |
| ICRC Rule 1 | Principle of distinction: parties must distinguish between civilians and combatants | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| ICRC Rule 7 | Principle of distinction: parties must distinguish between civilian objects and military objectives | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
Geneva Convention II (Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 18 | After each engagement, parties to the conflict shall take all possible measures to search for and collect the shipwrecked, wounded and sick | extreme Sinking of IRIS Dena: USS Charlotte Torpedoes Iranian Frigate Off Sri Lanka (probable) |
Geneva Convention II
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 12 | Members of the armed forces at sea who are wounded, sick or shipwrecked shall be respected and protected in all circumstances | extreme Sinking of IRIS Dena: USS Charlotte Torpedoes Iranian Frigate Off Sri Lanka (probable) |
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Freedom of navigation and innocent passage | severe Naval Blockade of Venezuelan Oil Exports (potential) |
| Article 98 | Duty to render assistance to persons in danger at sea | extreme Sinking of IRIS Dena: USS Charlotte Torpedoes Iranian Frigate Off Sri Lanka (probable) |
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Obligation to render assistance to those in distress at sea | extreme Sinking of IRIS Dena: USS Charlotte Torpedoes Iranian Frigate Off Sri Lanka (probable) |
Geneva Conventions Protocol I
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 54 | Protection of objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population — including foodstuffs | extreme Strait of Hormuz Crisis: Global Energy and Food Security Catastrophe (enabling) |
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 38 | Right of transit passage through straits used for international navigation | extreme Strait of Hormuz Crisis: Global Energy and Food Security Catastrophe (enabling) |
Geneva Convention IV (Protection of Civilian Persons)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Articles 53, 147 | Prohibition on destruction of civilian property not justified by military necessity; extensive destruction as a grave breach | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 51 | Protection of the civilian population; prohibition on indiscriminate attacks | extreme Minab School Strike: US Tomahawk Cruise Missile Kills 175-180 Schoolgirls (probable) |
| Article 52 | Prohibition on attacks against civilian objects; civilian objects shall not be the object of attack or reprisals | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| Article 52 | General protection of civilian objects; schools are prima facie civilian objects | extreme Minab School Strike: US Tomahawk Cruise Missile Kills 175-180 Schoolgirls (probable) |
| Article 54 | Prohibition on attacking objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| Article 56 | Protection of works and installations containing dangerous forces (dams, dykes, nuclear electrical generating stations) | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| Articles 51, 57 | Protection of civilian population and precautionary measures in attack | severe Dismantlement of Pentagon Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Program (enabling) |
Rome Statute
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Independence and integrity of the ICC as an international judicial body; while the US is not a party, sanctions interfere with treaty obligations of ICC member states | severe Executive Order Sanctioning International Criminal Court Officials (enabling) |
| Article 25(3)(c) | Aiding, abetting, or otherwise assisting in commission of a crime within ICC jurisdiction | extreme US Arms Transfers to Israel During ICJ Genocide Proceedings (probable) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(ii) | War crime: intentionally directing attacks against civilian objects | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(iv) | War crime: intentionally launching attacks knowing they will cause incidental loss of civilian life clearly excessive in relation to military advantage | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| Article 8(2)(b)(iv) | War crime to launch an attack in the knowledge that it will cause incidental loss of civilian life clearly excessive in relation to the military advantage anticipated | severe Dismantlement of Pentagon Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Program (enabling) |
| Article 8bis | Crime of aggression: use of armed force by a state not in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed) |
| Article 8bis | Crime of aggression -- use of armed force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another state | major Military and Economic Threats Against Greenland and Panama Canal Sovereignty (potential) |
UN Charter
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Undermining the international rules-based order and multilateral institutions | severe Executive Order Sanctioning International Criminal Court Officials (enabling) |
| Article 1(2) | Principle of self-determination of peoples | major Military and Economic Threats Against Greenland and Panama Canal Sovereignty (potential) |
| Article 2(1) | Sovereign equality of all member states | major Colombia Deportation Standoff: Economic Coercion via Tariff Threats |
| Article 2(4) | Prohibition on the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state | extreme Trump Threats to Obliterate Iran's Civilian Power Infrastructure (confirmed)major Colombia Deportation Standoff: Economic Coercion via Tariff Threats major Military and Economic Threats Against Greenland and Panama Canal Sovereignty (potential)severe Naval Blockade of Venezuelan Oil Exports (potential) |
| Article 2(4) | Prohibition on the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state | extreme Minab School Strike: US Tomahawk Cruise Missile Kills 175-180 Schoolgirls (probable) |
| Article 2(4) | All Members shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state | extreme Operation Absolute Resolve: Unilateral US Military Intervention in Venezuela (probable) |
| Article 24 | Security Council members have primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security | severe Repeated US Vetoes of UN Security Council Gaza Ceasefire Resolutions (enabling) |
| Article 39 | Only the Security Council may determine the existence of a threat to peace and decide on enforcement measures | extreme Operation Absolute Resolve: Unilateral US Military Intervention in Venezuela (probable) |
| Article 39-41 | Unilateral coercive measures that cause humanitarian harm may violate the UN Charter when imposed outside of Security Council authorization | severe Intensified Cuba Sanctions Regime: Blackouts, Hospital Shutdowns, and Collective Punishment (potential) |
| Article 51 | Self-defense applies only in response to an armed attack; Venezuela had not attacked the United States | extreme Operation Absolute Resolve: Unilateral US Military Intervention in Venezuela (probable) |
| Articles 100, 105 | Independence of UN personnel and privileges and immunities necessary for the exercise of their functions | severe Sanctions Against UN Special Rapporteur on Palestine (enabling) |
| Articles 55-56 | Obligation to promote higher standards of living, solutions to health problems, and universal respect for human rights through international cooperation | extreme Systematic Dismantlement of USAID and Global Humanitarian Consequences (enabling) |
Geneva Convention IV
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Obligation to take constant care to spare civilians and civilian objects in military operations | severe Dismantlement of Pentagon Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Program (enabling) |
| Articles 18, 24, 50 | Protection of civilians, especially children; prohibition on attacking civilian objects | extreme Minab School Strike: US Tomahawk Cruise Missile Kills 175-180 Schoolgirls (probable) |
Charter of the Organization of American States
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 19 | No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State | extreme Operation Absolute Resolve: Unilateral US Military Intervention in Venezuela (probable) |
US War Powers Resolution
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| 50 U.S.C. 1541-1548 | Congressional authorization required for introduction of US Armed Forces into hostilities | extreme Operation Absolute Resolve: Unilateral US Military Intervention in Venezuela (probable) |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Pentagon Law of War Manual
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Protection of shipwrecked persons | extreme Operation Southern Spear: Lethal Drone Strikes on Caribbean and Pacific Drug Boats (probable) |
UN Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Prohibition on extrajudicial killings | extreme Operation Southern Spear: Lethal Drone Strikes on Caribbean and Pacific Drug Boats (probable) |
| — | States must conduct thorough, prompt, and impartial investigations into all suspected extralegal executions | severe Massive Escalation of US Airstrikes in Somalia with Zero Civilian Accountability (potential) |
Convention Against Torture
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 1 | Definition and absolute prohibition of torture — severe pain or suffering intentionally inflicted by or at the instigation of a public official | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable) |
| Article 12 | Obligation to ensure prompt and impartial investigation of acts of torture — removal of internal watchdogs degrades this investigative capacity | severe Mass Firing of Inspectors General Across Federal Government (enabling) |
| Article 16 | Prohibition on cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable)extreme Secret Deportation of 260+ Venezuelans to CECOT Mega-Prison (probable)major Executive Orders Targeting Transgender Rights and Gender Identity Recognition (potential) |
| Article 16 | Prohibition on cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment -- prolonged separation of children from parents | severe Family Separations and Prolonged Child Detention Under Immigration Enforcement |
| Article 3 | Absolute prohibition on transfer to countries where there is substantial risk of torture (non-refoulement) | extreme Secret Deportation of 260+ Venezuelans to CECOT Mega-Prison (probable) |
| Article 3 | Non-refoulement — no State shall deport a person to a State where there are substantial grounds for believing they would be subjected to torture | extreme Forced Disappearances of Salvadoran Deportees in El Salvador's Prison System (probable) |
| Article 3 | Non-refoulement -- deportation of Guevara to country where he faced threats for journalism | severe Systematic Attacks on Press Freedom: Journalist Arrests, Detention, and Deportation (potential) |
| Article 3 | Non-refoulement — prohibition on return to countries where individuals face risk of torture | severe Termination of Temporary Protected Status for Venezuelan Nationals (potential) |
| Article 3 | Non-refoulement — absolute prohibition on return to countries where there is risk of torture | critical Invocation of the Alien Enemies Act to Accelerate Venezuelan Deportations (potential) |
| Article 3 | Non-refoulement — absolute prohibition on transfer to a country where there are substantial grounds for believing the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture | critical Kilmar Abrego Garcia Deported to El Salvador Despite Withholding Order (probable) |
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Prohibition on secret detention without notice to families or lawyers | critical Kilmar Abrego Garcia Deported to El Salvador Despite Withholding Order (probable) |
| Article 2 | Prohibition on enforced disappearance: deprivation of liberty with concealment of fate or whereabouts | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable) |
| Article 2 | Prohibition on enforced disappearance, defined as deprivation of liberty with concealment of fate or whereabouts | extreme Secret Deportation of 260+ Venezuelans to CECOT Mega-Prison (probable) |
| Article 2 | Enforced disappearance is the arrest, detention, or abduction of persons by agents of the State, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the deprivation of liberty or the fate or whereabouts of the person | extreme Forced Disappearances of Salvadoran Deportees in El Salvador's Prison System (probable) |
UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Rules 1, 43-46 | Basic standards for treatment of prisoners including prohibition on indefinite solitary confinement | extreme Secret Deportation of 260+ Venezuelans to CECOT Mega-Prison (probable) |
| Rules 43-46 | Prohibition on prolonged solitary confinement (exceeding 15 consecutive days) and on indefinite solitary confinement; both constitute torture | extreme Torture and Enforced Disappearances at 'Alligator Alcatraz' and Krome Detention Centers (probable) |
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 1 | The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish | severe Repeated US Vetoes of UN Security Council Gaza Ceasefire Resolutions (enabling) |
UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 33 | Non-refoulement: prohibition on expulsion or return to a country where life or freedom would be threatened | severe Third-Country Deportations to Rwanda, Ghana, and South Sudan (potential) |
UN Convention Against Torture
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 1 | Prohibition of torture, including severe suffering inflicted with the consent or acquiescence of a public official | extreme Secret $6 Million Contract to Outsource Detention to El Salvador's CECOT (probable) |
| Article 1 | Prohibition of torture, including severe physical or mental suffering intentionally inflicted by a public official | extreme Guantanamo Bay Immigrant Detention: Solitary Confinement and Torture Conditions (probable) |
| Article 16 | Obligation to prevent cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in territory under state jurisdiction | critical Record ICE Detention Deaths and Medical Care Payment Halt (enabling) |
| Article 3 | No state shall expel a person to another state where there are substantial grounds for believing they would be in danger of being subjected to torture | severe Third-Country Deportations to Rwanda, Ghana, and South Sudan (potential) |
| Article 3 | No state shall expel, return, or extradite a person to another state where there are substantial grounds for believing they would be in danger of being subjected to torture | extreme Secret $6 Million Contract to Outsource Detention to El Salvador's CECOT (probable) |
UDHR
Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 51 | Prohibition on indiscriminate attacks that are not directed at a specific military objective | extreme US Airstrike Kills 68 African Migrants in Yemen Detention Center (probable) |
| Article 57 | Obligation to take all feasible precautions to avoid or minimize civilian casualties | extreme US Airstrike Kills 68 African Migrants in Yemen Detention Center (probable) |
| Article 57 | Obligation to take constant care to spare civilians and take all feasible precautions | severe Massive Escalation of US Airstrikes in Somalia with Zero Civilian Accountability (potential) |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Guarantee of judicial independence from executive interference | severe Systematic Attacks on Judicial Independence and Defiance of Court Orders (enabling) |
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 3 | State responsibility for torture committed by public servants | extreme Secret Deportation of 260+ Venezuelans to CECOT Mega-Prison (probable) |
Arms Trade Treaty norms
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Obligation to assess risk of arms being used in violations of international humanitarian law | severe Dismantlement of Pentagon Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Program (enabling) |
UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Mandela Rules)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Rule 24 | Provision of health-care services is a State responsibility; prisoners should enjoy the same standards of health care available in the community | critical Record ICE Detention Deaths and Medical Care Payment Halt (enabling) |
| Rule 44 | Prolonged solitary confinement in excess of 15 consecutive days constitutes torture or cruel treatment | extreme Guantanamo Bay Immigrant Detention: Solitary Confinement and Torture Conditions (probable) |
OAS Charter
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 19 | No state may use or encourage the use of coercive measures of an economic or political character in order to force the sovereign will of another State | major Colombia Deportation Standoff: Economic Coercion via Tariff Threats |
ILO Convention 151
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Protection of public employees against acts of anti-union discrimination and interference by public authorities | severe Schedule F Reclassification: Mass Removal of Civil Service Protections |
Convention on the Rights of the Child
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 24 | Right to the highest attainable standard of health and access to healthcare | extreme Systematic Dismantlement of USAID and Global Humanitarian Consequences (enabling) |
| Article 6 | Right to life, survival, and development | extreme Systematic Dismantlement of USAID and Global Humanitarian Consequences (enabling) |
| Article 7 | Right to acquire a nationality from birth | major Executive Order Attempting to Restrict Fourteenth Amendment Birthright Citizenship (potential) |
| Articles 3, 9, 37 | Best interests of the child; right not to be separated from parents against their will; protection from arbitrary detention | severe Family Separations and Prolonged Child Detention Under Immigration Enforcement |
Genocide Convention
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article I | Obligation to prevent and punish genocide | extreme US Arms Transfers to Israel During ICJ Genocide Proceedings (probable) |
| Article III(e) | Complicity in genocide | extreme US Arms Transfers to Israel During ICJ Genocide Proceedings (probable) |
Arms Trade Treaty
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 6 | States shall not authorize transfer of arms if they have knowledge the arms would be used in attacks directed against civilians or civilian objects | extreme US-Supplied White Phosphorus Used Over Lebanese Civilian Areas (probable) |
| Article 6(3) | Prohibition on transfers where knowledge exists they will be used in genocide or Geneva Convention violations | extreme US Arms Transfers to Israel During ICJ Genocide Proceedings (probable) |
US Leahy Law
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| 22 U.S.C. 2378d | Prohibition on assistance to foreign security force units credibly implicated in gross human rights violations | extreme US Arms Transfers to Israel During ICJ Genocide Proceedings (probable) |
Protocol III to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 2 | Prohibition on making civilians the object of attack by incendiary weapons, and on using air-delivered incendiary weapons against military targets within concentrations of civilians | extreme US-Supplied White Phosphorus Used Over Lebanese Civilian Areas (probable) |
ICCPR
Inter-American Convention on Human Rights
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 13 | Freedom of thought and expression | severe Systematic Attacks on Press Freedom: Journalist Arrests, Detention, and Deportation (potential) |
| Article 17 | Right to family | severe Family Separations and Prolonged Child Detention Under Immigration Enforcement |
Torrijos-Carter Treaties (1977)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Recognized Panama's sovereignty over the Canal Zone; any US military action would violate the treaty framework | major Military and Economic Threats Against Greenland and Panama Canal Sovereignty (potential) |
Customary international law
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Prohibition on obstruction of international justice and intimidation of judicial officials | severe Executive Order Sanctioning International Criminal Court Officials (enabling) |
| — | Blockades are acts of war requiring formal declaration and are subject to the laws of armed conflict | severe Naval Blockade of Venezuelan Oil Exports (potential) |
First Amendment (US Constitution)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | ACLU successfully argued sanctions prevent Americans from communicating with the ICC | severe Executive Order Sanctioning International Criminal Court Officials (enabling) |
War Powers Resolution
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Congressional authorization required for sustained military operations | severe Naval Blockade of Venezuelan Oil Exports (potential) |
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Obligation to grant nationality to persons born in territory who would otherwise be stateless | major Executive Order Attempting to Restrict Fourteenth Amendment Birthright Citizenship (potential) |
| — | Prohibition on rendering persons effectively stateless through mass status revocation | severe Termination of Temporary Protected Status for Venezuelan Nationals (potential) |
1951 Refugee Convention
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 33 | Non-refoulement -- prohibition on returning refugees to territories where their life or freedom would be threatened | severe Indefinite Suspension of US Refugee Admissions Program and Record-Low Resettlement Cap |
| Article 33 | Non-refoulement | severe Termination of Temporary Protected Status for Venezuelan Nationals (potential)critical Invocation of the Alien Enemies Act to Accelerate Venezuelan Deportations (potential) |
| Article 33 | Non-refoulement — prohibition on return to territories where life or freedom would be threatened | critical Kilmar Abrego Garcia Deported to El Salvador Despite Withholding Order (probable) |
1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Extends Refugee Convention obligations to all refugees regardless of date or origin of flight | severe Indefinite Suspension of US Refugee Admissions Program and Record-Low Resettlement Cap |
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| Article 5 | Prohibition on racial discrimination in the right to leave and return to one's country and to nationality -- relevant to racially discriminatory allocation of refugee slots | severe Indefinite Suspension of US Refugee Admissions Program and Record-Low Resettlement Cap |
UN Convention Against Corruption
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Obligation to maintain effective, independent anti-corruption bodies | severe Mass Firing of Inspectors General Across Federal Government (enabling) |
Posse Comitatus Act
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| 18 USC 1385 | Prohibition on use of the military for civilian law enforcement | severe Military Deployments at US-Mexico Border in Violation of Posse Comitatus Act |
Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946)
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Functional immunity of experts on mission for the United Nations | severe Sanctions Against UN Special Rapporteur on Palestine (enabling) |
UN General Assembly Resolution 60/251
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Establishing the Human Rights Council and its Special Procedures mandate holders | severe Sanctions Against UN Special Rapporteur on Palestine (enabling) |
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of treaties | severe Sanctions Against UN Special Rapporteur on Palestine (enabling) |
Yogyakarta Principles
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Application of international human rights law to sexual orientation and gender identity | major Executive Orders Targeting Transgender Rights and Gender Identity Recognition (potential) |
Inter-American Democratic Charter
| Article | Provision | Incidents |
|---|---|---|
| — | Commitment to democratic governance and the peaceful transfer of power | severe Blanket Clemency for January 6 Defendants, Including Violent Offenders (enabling) |
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